1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,000 An epic mountain, thought to be unclimable. 2 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:09,000 You're going to fall thousands of feet, so it's a very dangerous dome. 3 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:13,000 An iconic bridge whose origins are shrouded in tragedy. 4 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:17,000 Suddenly tilted, and twelve guys went into the water. 5 00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:21,000 And a memorial to a hound whose heroism saved the day. 6 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:25,000 What if Smokey gets stuck? What if Smokey dies? 7 00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:29,000 Sometimes the greatest secrets lie in plain sight. 8 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:33,000 These are monumental mysteries. 9 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:47,000 Oakville, Washington. Population 682. 10 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:54,000 This tiny logging town occupies just one half of one square mile in a corner of the Evergreen state. 11 00:00:54,000 --> 00:01:02,000 And on the eastern border of this quiet community lies a vast woodland that spans over 91,000 acres. 12 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:08,000 This is the Capitol State Forest, one of nature's most majestic monuments. 13 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:16,000 But this tranquil and silvan landscape was once home to a bizarre phenomenon 14 00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:19,000 that puzzled local residents like Sunny Barcliffe. 15 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:23,000 I kept thinking, are we in a science fiction movie? 16 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:32,000 The events that transpired here sparked a baffling mystery of meteorology, medicine and the military. 17 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:36,000 August 7, 1994. 18 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:42,000 After spending the night in the Capitol State Forest, two campers emerged from their tent. 19 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:46,000 To something completely unexpected. 20 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:53,000 They found the surrounding area literally covered with this strange material. 21 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:59,000 It was very gooey. It looked like hail, but it was soft. 22 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:05,000 And they're not the only ones to encounter this bizarre substance. 23 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:13,000 Over the next few days, Oakville police are inundated with similar reports from across the region. 24 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:23,000 One sighting later that week comes from Sunny Barcliffe, who along with her mother also witnesses something extraordinary. 25 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:27,000 A strange clear goo falling from the sky. 26 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:35,000 They have a gelatinous substance raining down. I've never witnessed anything like it before. 27 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:42,000 Curious as to what these blobs are, her mother takes a closer look. 28 00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:51,000 My mom just picked one of the blobules that sniffed it, squished it between her fingers. She had never seen anything like it. 29 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:57,000 The next day, Sunny makes an alarming discovery. 30 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:08,000 I found her on the bathroom floor. She was nauseated. Everything was spinning around her and she literally could not get up. 31 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:14,000 And the illness that has suddenly stricken Sunny's mother appears to be spreading. 32 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:23,000 Within a week, there were a number of people in Oakville who became sick with a strange flu-like syndrome. 33 00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:31,000 Doctors are baffled. The sickness does not discriminate, afflicting both young and old without any apparent cause. 34 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:39,000 But Sunny Barcliffe thinks the answer lies in the odd material that blanketed the town. 35 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:45,000 It was such a mystery. I wanted to know what this stuff was. 36 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:51,000 So what are the so-called Oakville blobs and are they behind this debilitating illness? 37 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:58,000 To determine the origin of this mysterious goo, Sunny has samples tested by a scientist. 38 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:03,000 And after careful analysis, he reports his findings. 39 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:08,000 A human white blood cell was found in that substance. 40 00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:20,000 As rumor and panic settles over this small logging community, several theories begin to emerge as to why these blobs might contain human cells. 41 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:24,000 The first points to a very common sight in the skies above Washington. 42 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:31,000 One of the first theories was that this might have been human waste from an airliner. 43 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:39,000 If waste had accidentally been jettisoned from passenger planes, that could account for the human cells. 44 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:42,000 But one fact gets in the way. 45 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:48,000 That was pretty much discounted because they're required to dye that substance blue. 46 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:51,000 And this had no color whatsoever. 47 00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:58,000 And even more bizarre hypothesis points to a different kind of airborne material. 48 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,000 The Navy was conducting live bombing runs at sea. 49 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:10,000 They theorized they had blown up a school of jellyfish and this jellyfish had been ejected into the jet stream. 50 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:16,000 But even if the explosions had been enough to blow jellyfish remains into the sky, 51 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:23,000 it doesn't explain why the cells inside the material are of human, not marine origin. 52 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:32,000 So another idea takes root in the community that the blobs weren't a freak occurrence at all, but a planned attack. 53 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:36,000 It was a biological warfare experiment. 54 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:46,000 Some residents believe that Oakville's isolated setting on the edge of the Capitol State Forest makes it the perfect military testing ground. 55 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:51,000 It was a small controlled population, no one would notice. 56 00:05:51,000 --> 00:06:01,000 This theory is bolstered by a recollection Sunny has of military aircraft in Oakville airspace just days before the goo hit the ground. 57 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:04,000 We saw black helicopters almost every day. 58 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:12,000 But representatives from the US military dismissed this idea entirely and shut down further requests for inquiry. 59 00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:18,000 Their refusal to answer questions leaves some residents suspicious. 60 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:25,000 That lends credibility to the idea that it may have been a military experiment. 61 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:35,000 In time, everyone who fell ill in Oakville eventually recovers and the cause of their sickness is never determined. 62 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:45,000 But even though nearly two decades have passed since the strange material fell from the sky, the people of this close knit community still wonder. 63 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:47,000 What were those blobs? 64 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:55,000 I still don't have an answer, but I'm still curious about what it was that fell in 1994 in Oakville. 65 00:06:56,000 --> 00:07:04,000 And so it seems that the truth is still swirling in the skies above Washington's Capitol State Forest. 66 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:14,000 At the mouth of the Cuyahoga River on the south shore of Lake Erie sits Weevland, Ohio. 67 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:28,000 And not far from the towering skyscrapers of this rust belt metropolis is a quiet city park known as the Rocky River Reservation, which contains a diminutive but very special monument. 68 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:32,000 It's bronze. It's about four and a half feet high. 69 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:41,000 According to historian James Banks, this sculpture that sits atop an imposing stone base depicts a most unlikely war hero. 70 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:47,000 The closer you get, the clearer it becomes that it is a memorial to an animal. 71 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:58,000 It's a dog. But who was this little muck? And what role did she play in saving the lives of American troops in the heat of a ferocious battle? 72 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:11,000 Papua New Guinea, 1944. This lush Pacific Island is a flashpoint in a world at war. 73 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:22,000 One young soldier stationed in this remote outpost is Bill Wynn, a corporal in the U.S. Army's 26th photo reconnaissance squadron. 74 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:33,000 The Pacific War was like no other war. The jungle was very humid. It rained almost every day. We just toughed it out and we did it. 75 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:43,000 But for Bill and his fellow troops, the hardships of war are eased by the arrival of an unlikely and adorable new recruit. 76 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:55,000 A stray Yorkshire terrier that Bill names Smokey after the smokestacks of his native Cleveland. Bill takes it upon himself to train the playful mutt. 77 00:08:56,000 --> 00:09:07,000 She could ride a scooter. She could roll a drum. I taught her the walking a tight wire blindfold. She could spell her name out of letters. That was a real difficult one. 78 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:17,000 But Smokey's role goes far beyond entertaining the troops. She accompanies Bill on many of his dangerous reconnaissance flights over enemy lines. 79 00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:20,000 I figured if we're going to go down, we're going to go down together. 80 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:33,000 She even gets her own custom-made air-core vest. And when Bill is eventually transferred from New Guinea to the Philippines, there's no question. Smokey goes with him. 81 00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:37,000 It's there that the plucky war dog has her finest hour. 82 00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:42,000 February 1945, the island of Luzon. 83 00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:49,000 U.S. forces are in the midst of a pitched battle to take the island back from the Japanese. 84 00:09:50,000 --> 00:10:02,000 Bill and his squadron have been charged with setting up a lookout post at a recently captured airstrip and must establish a communications link with headquarters in order to relay advanced warnings of Japanese bombing runs. 85 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:08,000 To do this, they must run a phone wire beneath the runway to the Army's operation center. 86 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:13,000 It became a crucial thing that this telephone wire got through. 87 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:22,000 The problem is that digging up the runway to lay the cable will leave Bill and his men vulnerable to attack from the air. 88 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:27,000 The Japanese were bombing that airstrip every day, at least once a day. 89 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:35,000 The task is estimated to take three days of heavy labor out in the open, exposing the men to almost certain death. 90 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:41,000 It's then that one of them has a brilliant idea. 91 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:46,000 And key to the plan is Smokey. 92 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:59,000 At the edge of the runway, one of the soldiers notices a narrow drainage pipe that seems to run under the airstrip in the same direction that the phone cable needs to be laid. 93 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:04,000 And the pipe's opening is just large enough to fit. A small dog. 94 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:10,000 This is a totally new trick that Smokey has never tried. 95 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:21,000 Threading a wire through a culvert may sound easy, but the chances are that the wire could get snagged or Smokey herself could get trapped. 96 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:31,000 To encourage Smokey to go into the pipe, Bill positions himself at the other end and calls to his canine cable carrier. 97 00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:35,000 Smokey, come. Come on, baby. Smokey, come. Come. 98 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:41,000 And upon hearing her master's voice, Smokey dives into the opening. 99 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:44,000 Come Smokey, come on. Atta girl, atta girl, atta girl, atta. 100 00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:52,000 By yelling across the audience, she's still coming and he says, yeah, I'm still feeding wine. Okay, come on Smokey, come on baby. 101 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:58,000 But as the minutes pass, without any sign of the dog, the men start to grow anxious. 102 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:04,000 What if Smokey gets stuck? Will she back out? What if Smokey dies? 103 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:08,000 So will Smokey make it through and save the day? 104 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:23,000 The Philippines, 1945. Corporal Bill Wynn and his fellow American soldiers have been charged with the task of laying a vital phone cable across a recently captured airstrip. 105 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:29,000 The only problem is doing so will leave them hopelessly exposed to attack from Japanese fighters. 106 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:37,000 The Americans have a secret weapon, a four pound Yorkshire Terrier named Smokey. Can Smokey save the day? 107 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:45,000 At the edge of the airstrip, Bill and his men wait anxiously for Smokey to emerge from the drainage pipe. 108 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:54,000 As the seconds tick by, their fears begin to grow. Then the heroic dog reappears. 109 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:09,000 So all of a sudden she burst into a rut and she ran into my arms. She still had the string attached and with that they were able to pull the phone wires through. Most dogs could not do that. 110 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:17,000 The Lookout Post is established and Smokey is commended as the hero of the squadron. 111 00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:32,000 When the war finally ends later that year, Bill and Smokey return to Ohio where the lovable mutt lives out her days performing tricks in vaudeville halls and VA hospitals. 112 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:44,000 In 1957, at the age of 14, Smokey passes away and it seems the tale of this war dog will be lost forever. 113 00:13:48,000 --> 00:14:01,000 But nearly 50 years later, in 2003, a local veterans group proposes that the Cleveland Metro Parks erect a monument as a tribute to Smokey and all the brave dogs that have fought in war. 114 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:13,000 And today, the monument stands as a memorial to an extraordinary dog, a hero in war and a born entertainer who warmed the hearts of thousands of Americans. 115 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:29,000 Harlem, New York. Starting life in the 1650s as a Dutch village, it's now famed as a worldwide jazz mecca and a vibrant cultural epicenter. 116 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:39,000 But for author Franz Litz, the most extraordinary tale in Harlem's rich history is tied to this unassuming plot of land. 117 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:51,000 It's a pocket park with a few iron park benches surrounded by iron gates. It's a size of a brownstone without the brownstone in it. 118 00:14:52,000 --> 00:15:03,000 This is Collier Brothers Park, named after an enigmatic pair of siblings who were at the center of a bizarre mystery that gripped New York and the nation. 119 00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:07,000 The story behind it is the ultimate urban nightmare. 120 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:17,000 So who were the brothers who gave this park its name? And what weird tale of paranoia, obsession and death does it conceal? 121 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:26,000 The early 20th century, Harlem is a fashionable and affluent suburb of New York City. 122 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:37,000 In 1909, the wealthy Collier family, whose fortune lies in prime Manhattan real estate, moves into a grand brownstone at 2078 Fifth Avenue. 123 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:47,000 The two Collier sons, Homer and Langley, though in their late 20s, both still live at home and show little interest in getting married. 124 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:53,000 The Collier boys always had a reputation as reclusive eccentrics. 125 00:15:54,000 --> 00:16:01,000 But after both their parents die in the late 1920s, the grieving sons grow even stranger. 126 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:08,000 Both brothers, who are scruffies, smelly, dirty, they look like vagrants. 127 00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:14,000 And their eccentric appearance is matched by their bizarre behavior. 128 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:23,000 Langley would go out at night like Dracula on scavenging missions and collect scraps of meat from trash cans. 129 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:31,000 To their neighbors, the brothers' strange conduct certainly seems at odds with the family's vast wealth. 130 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:39,000 Word on the street was that gold bars were hidden under the floorboards, there were jewels and treasures. 131 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:45,000 And one night, robbers set their sights on the Collier brothers mansion. 132 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:50,000 Burglars were trying to sneak in and windows were broken. 133 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:59,000 Disturbed by the attack on their home, the brothers board up the windows and retreat even further from society. 134 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:05,000 And in the years that followed, they are rarely seen outside the famed family residence. 135 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:16,000 Then, on March 21, 1947, police receive a report that there is a pestilent odor emanating from the Collier mansion. 136 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:22,000 When they arrive at the property, there is no answer and they force their way in. 137 00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:27,000 What shocking sights await them within its walls? 138 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:31,000 It's 1947, New York City. 139 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:37,000 Police have received reports of a horrific stench emanating from a brown stone in Harlem. 140 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:44,000 The owners, two eccentric brothers named Homer and Langley Collier, haven't been seen for some time. 141 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:48,000 What lies in wait for the police is deeply disturbing. 142 00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:51,000 The house was a rotting accretion of junk. 143 00:17:52,000 --> 00:18:01,000 Hundreds and thousands of newspapers, their 14 grand pianos, baby carriages, a disassembled Model T Ford. 144 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,000 Just about anything you can imagine. 145 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:11,000 Then, as police scour the piles of detritus, they stumble upon a horrific sight. 146 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:16,000 There's this emaciated figure, Homer Collier was dead in his mansion. 147 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:23,000 It becomes clear to investigators that Homer had been sick and housebound for years. 148 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:28,000 And they conclude that his sole caretaker had been his younger brother Langley. 149 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:32,000 But Langley is not there. 150 00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:39,000 One theory was that he had killed his brother and fled with all the vast Collier riches. 151 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:44,000 When the story hits the headlines, a massive manhunt is launched, 152 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:50,000 with reported sightings of Langley Collier in Brooklyn, New Jersey, even North Carolina. 153 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:55,000 The story is about a manhunt that was shot in the face by a manhunt. 154 00:18:55,000 --> 00:19:00,000 There's a lot of reported sightings of Langley Collier in Brooklyn, New Jersey, even North Carolina. 155 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:08,000 But in spite of the publicity that the case receives, Langley is nowhere to be found. 156 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:16,000 Then, after weeks of hunting through the junk choked house, one of the workers makes another gruesome discovery. 157 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:19,000 Langley's decomposing body. 158 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:24,000 His face, his hands had been gnawed away by rats. 159 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:29,000 But what killed him is even more unusual. 160 00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:39,000 In their search through the house, police find booby traps made of hidden trip wires attached to piles of junk suspended from the ceiling. 161 00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:44,000 Which they surmise, a paranoid Langley must have set up to catch intruders. 162 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:52,000 And they conclude that Langley died after being crushed by one of his own booby traps. 163 00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:58,000 He was lying there with a tray of food that he had been bringing Homer. 164 00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:06,000 After Langley was smothered by his own junk, there was no one to take care of Homer, who died days later of starvation. 165 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:17,000 All told, after months of intensive cleaning, crews haul out over 100 tons of trash from bicycles to mannequins. 166 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,000 But there's no sign of any hidden treasure. 167 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:27,000 It seems that the family's once vast fortune had been swallowed up by property taxes. 168 00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:39,000 Soon after the brothers' deaths, the Collier Mansion is condemned and raised to the ground, replaced years later by a vest pocket city park. 169 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:47,000 But that's not the only way in which the legacy of these eccentric brothers lives on. 170 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:56,000 Even now, New York City firefighters, when faced with a junk jammed apartment that's on fire, haul it in as a Collier. 171 00:20:57,000 --> 00:21:08,000 And it's here in Harlem that visitors to the Collier Brothers Park can remember this haunting tale of the Harlem Hermits, who became the Big Apple's most notorious hoarders. 172 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:21,000 The picturesque city of San Francisco is home to 800,000 people and one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. 173 00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:27,000 It's put together with 600,000 field-driven rivets. It's a mile and a quarter long. 174 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:33,000 It ranks with the Eiffel Tower, Big Bend, the Empire State Building, maybe surpasses them. 175 00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:42,000 It is the Golden Gate Bridge. Completed in 1937, it was hailed as a triumph of engineering and human endeavor. 176 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:48,000 But few visitors here realize its origins were shrouded in tragedy. 177 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:54,000 The Bridge constitutes an epic engineering achievement and it came at the cost of life. 178 00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:02,000 So what horrific incident marred the construction of the magnificent Golden Gate Bridge? 179 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:08,000 January 1933, San Francisco. 180 00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:12,000 The city is mired in the worst year of the Great Depression. 181 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:17,000 Trade is stagnant and the local economy is in ruins. 182 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:25,000 But one man has a plan to revitalize the area's flagging economy and bring prosperity back to the region. 183 00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:29,000 His name is Joseph Strauss. 184 00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:33,000 Strauss was a dreamer in every sense of the word. 185 00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:43,000 The 63-year-old structural engineer believes the cure to the city's woes lies to the north on the far shores of Marin County. 186 00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:55,000 Rich in timber and blessed with acres of fertile agricultural land, Marin County is separated from San Francisco by a seemingly impassable barrier. 187 00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:59,000 The forbidding waters of California's Golden Gate. 188 00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:04,000 The strait that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. 189 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:13,000 Strauss' plan is to build a giant bridge that will span this gaping waterway and open the region to trade and commerce. 190 00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:18,000 Prevailing opinion is that you can't do it. It's impossible to bridge this gap. 191 00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:22,000 It's a bold idea, but not a new one. 192 00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:30,000 Since the 19th century, city planners had dreamed of a bridge in this location, but no one had dared attempt it. 193 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:38,000 The Golden Gate is over a mile wide and channeled by some of the most unforgiving waters on earth. 194 00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:42,000 But Strauss is undeterred and convinced his plan can work. 195 00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:51,000 When construction commences, there is no denying that building the bridge is an extremely dangerous endeavor. 196 00:23:52,000 --> 00:24:00,000 It would have been bad above land. Being above San Francisco Bay just compounded the danger. 197 00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:12,000 And yet the hardened laborers who climb out on the scaffolds and cable work each day grow to respect Joseph Strauss, whose planning shows a genuine concern for their welfare. 198 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:19,000 Strauss wanted it to be the safest big construction project in American history. 199 00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:28,000 Strauss institutes a series of groundbreaking safety requirements, including mandatory hardhats, tetherlines and goggles. 200 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:36,000 And strong beneath the span of the bridge is an unprecedented Circa-style safety net. 201 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:43,000 The net proved itself many times over, workers that slipped and fell, fell into the net. 202 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:49,000 After four years of construction, the project has achieved a remarkable safety record. 203 00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:54,000 But Strauss' good fortune is about to end. 204 00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:06,000 On the morning of February 17, 1937, a dozen men are working on a five-ton platform beneath the recently completed roadway. 205 00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:10,000 The foreman of the group is 37-year-old Slim Lambert. 206 00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:16,000 They were stripping the lumber that is used to provide the forms for the pouring of concrete. 207 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000 Suddenly, Lambert hears a gut-wrenching noise. 208 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:30,000 This platform tilted and most of the men slid off. Then the entire structure came loose and fell into the net. 209 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:36,000 The net, which was never designed to bear the weight of the massive platform, rips free from the bridge. 210 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:41,000 Platform and the net and 12 guys went into the water. 211 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:44,000 10 of them died. 212 00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:52,000 In one tragic moment, the incredible safety record of the bridge is all but forgotten. 213 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:56,000 So what caused this horrific accident? 214 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:03,000 1937, San Francisco Bay, California. 215 00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:11,000 The Golden Gate Bridge has been under construction for four years and in that time boasts a near-perfect safety record. 216 00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:18,000 But on February 17, a platform suddenly collapses, sending 12 men plummeting into the bay. 217 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:23,000 So if safety was so tight, what went wrong? 218 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:28,000 Investigators soon arrive at the sad conclusion. 219 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:34,000 That Strauss' meticulous safety planning had overlooked a tiny but crucial design flaw. 220 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:45,000 The platform that collapsed was connected to the bridge by a rolling hanger on a track, which allowed the staging to move beneath the span of the bridge. 221 00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:54,000 Authorities determined that the bolts connecting the platform to the hanger were too small for the amount of weight they were required to bear. 222 00:26:55,000 --> 00:27:00,000 The bolts that was holding the platform to the girders broke in one corner. 223 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:07,000 The torque from that breakage put pressure on the other three they broke, the platform fell into the net. 224 00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:12,000 Once the net ripped away, the workers plunged into the icy currents of the bay. 225 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:21,000 Miraculously, two men survived the 200-foot fall, including the foreman, Slim Lambert. 226 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:30,000 For most people, it's receded into the mists of memory. My father was 37 at the time and lived to the age of 88. 227 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:42,000 Within months of the accident, on May 27, 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge, which had once been seen as an impossible feat, is open to the public. 228 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:54,000 And today, the workers who perished in the pursuit of Joseph Strauss' bold dream are memorialized by a simple bronze plaque on the southern tip of the bridge. 229 00:27:56,000 --> 00:28:11,000 For the 10 million visitors to the site and the 40 million vehicles that cross the span each year, the Golden Gate Bridge is a grand symbol of one man's enduring vision and a tribute to those who gave their lives to build it. 230 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:30,000 200 miles due east of San Francisco lies the great untamed expanse of Yosemite National Park, a vast conglomeration of cascading waterfalls, soaring cliffs, and clear mountain streams. 231 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:39,000 And dominating this breathtaking wilderness is a colossal landmark that towers over 4,700 feet. 232 00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:49,000 It demands your attention, and really from the valley floor, it looks like it would be inaccessible. 233 00:28:50,000 --> 00:29:07,000 This is Half Dome, the mammoth mountain that presides over Yosemite like a proud sentinel, and which boasts an unparalleled pathway up its 45-degree eastern slope, which has long amazed park ranger Carrie Carr. 234 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:14,000 The Half Dome Cable's hike is one of the most popular hikes in any national park in the United States. 235 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:22,000 But the story of how this iconic walkway came into being is one of the most extraordinary tales in the park's epic history. 236 00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:30,000 Yosemite Valley, California, October 1875. 237 00:29:31,000 --> 00:29:36,000 It's an era of burgeoning tourism in the 700,000 acres of protected wilderness. 238 00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:48,000 Arriving by horseback and stagecoach on newly built roads, visitors are enraptured when they behold a spectacle, the likes of which they've never seen before. 239 00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:52,000 The lofty peak, known as Half Dome. 240 00:29:53,000 --> 00:30:02,000 When tourists first looked at Half Dome, it was something they looked upon and thought, gosh, how can we get up there? If the view is this amazing from down here, what's it going to be like up there? 241 00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:12,000 But neither the near vertical northwest face nor the less severe but equally challenging eastern slope will yield to human endeavor easily. 242 00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:23,000 In 1870, the chief geologist in California said Half Dome is perfectly inaccessible. It will never be trodden by human foot. 243 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:32,000 Given such a challenge, daring residents of Yosemite Valley make several efforts to climb the eastern slope, but all fail. 244 00:30:33,000 --> 00:30:39,000 Until the fall of 1875, when a certain local blacksmith picks up the gauntlet. 245 00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:48,000 George Anderson is a 36-year-old Scotsman who, a few years earlier, had made his way to California as a gold prospector. 246 00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:59,000 George Anderson had this desire in him to get to the top of Half Dome, to be the first person on top, and he looked at it like it was a challenge. 247 00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:06,000 So Anderson sets about taking on the challenge of scaling the Dome's 45-degree eastern slope. 248 00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:16,000 It's a very, very flat, slick face that doesn't have a lot of features. There's nothing to grab onto, and if you do fall, you're going to fall thousands of feet. 249 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,000 So it's a very, very dangerous Dome. 250 00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:33,000 Anderson ponders the problem of the granite's treacherous surface. He first tries climbing in stockings, then with bare feet to give himself more grip, but he has no success. 251 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,000 Then he comes up with a surprising solution. 252 00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:50,000 Anderson decided to tie burlap sacks around his shoes, and what he did after that was he put pitch on the bottom of the burlap sacks, and he thought that that would create a sticking mechanism for him. 253 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:53,000 And sure enough, Anderson makes headway. 254 00:31:56,000 --> 00:32:00,000 But almost halfway up, his ascent is abruptly halting. 255 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:15,000 His feet started to stick to the rock so strong that he actually got stuck. He could not move his foot. He had nobody else with him. If he fell, he was going to fall thousands of feet. He's in a very, very dangerous spot. 256 00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:28,000 Finally, with much difficulty, Anderson manages to pry his foot away from the rock. Badly shaken, he retreats down the slope, disheartened, but not defeated. 257 00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:41,000 A few days later, Anderson returns to the valley with an astonishing announcement. That he's made it to the coveted summit of Half Dome. 258 00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:49,000 But with no eyewitnesses to such an unprecedented conquest, the community is skeptical. 259 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:56,000 People didn't believe him. They thought that he was making it up. They thought there's no way anybody could be on top of Half Dome. 260 00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:07,000 So is Anderson telling the truth? Has he really scaled the mighty Half Dome? Or is it all a giant hoax? 261 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:12,000 It's 1875, Yosemite Valley, California. 262 00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:25,000 Scotsman George Anderson is determined to do what many think impossible. Climb to the summit of the 4700 foot tall monolith known as Half Dome. 263 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:36,000 After repeated failures, it seems his dream is in tatters. So when he suddenly announces that he's made it to the top, the question on everyone's mind is, 264 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,000 does he really do it? 265 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:49,000 In order for Anderson to prove that he really did make it to the top, he takes a couple of people up to the base of Half Dome to show them how he actually climbed the dome. 266 00:33:50,000 --> 00:34:00,000 There, Anderson shows the dubious onlookers something astonishing. A revolutionary climbing technique that he used to successfully reach the top. 267 00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:08,000 He had actually hammered these pieces of metal into the backside of Half Dome. And in those holes, he stuck these eye bolts. 268 00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:19,000 Once they were securely in place, he would actually stand on each eye bolt. He would then pound in the next one, and then he would step up on that one until he actually reached the top of the dome. 269 00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:27,000 Little does Anderson know that his use of eye bolts marks a world first in the history of rock climbing. 270 00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:33,000 It was something that had never been done before, and it paved the way for modern day climbing as what we know it today. 271 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:44,000 Not long after his famous climb, Anderson consults on a groundbreaking scheme to build an accessible walkway to the top of the peak. 272 00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:50,000 And in 1919, the Half Dome Cables hike is completed. 273 00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:56,000 Every year we see about 45,000 people that will get to the top. 274 00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:14,000 Today, visitors to Yosemite National Park can ascend the mighty Half Dome and experience the thrill of conquering what was once thought of as the impossible climb. 275 00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:29,000 Stretching along the 370-mile border with Mexico, the vast desert landscape of Baja, Arizona harkens back to a prehistoric era. 276 00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:37,000 But there's one place here that speaks to a very different, more recent period. 277 00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:47,000 An old-time pioneer town and national historic landmark with a name that is synonymous with a standoff that defined the Old West. 278 00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:50,000 This is Tombstone. 279 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:56,000 It's a town that lives in American fact and American fiction. 280 00:35:57,000 --> 00:36:08,000 As curator Jeffrey Richardson can attest, the events that played out here are inexorably entwined with the actions of one iconic lawman, Wyatt Earp. 281 00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:13,000 He played a pivotal role in one of the most important events in the American West. 282 00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:23,000 So what is the true story behind the most famous gunfight in American history and the epic blood feud that it spawned? 283 00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:34,000 The late 1800s. Tombstone, Arizona is booming with silver mines luring prospectors by the thousands. 284 00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:42,000 But following in their wake is a band of outlaws notorious for drinking, stealing and murdering. 285 00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:52,000 They're called the Cowboys. And at their helm is a ruthless killer named Johnny Gringo. 286 00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:56,000 He was called the king of the Cowboys. Gringo was a deadly man. 287 00:36:58,000 --> 00:37:06,000 But the infamous bandit is about to meet his match in the form of newly appointed Deputy U.S. Marshal, Virgil Erd. 288 00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:11,000 Accompanying him are his brothers, Morgan and Wyatt. 289 00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:17,000 Together, the three men are tasked with taking the town back from the clutches of the Cowboys. 290 00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:22,000 The federal government was under a great deal of pressure to do something about the outlaws. 291 00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:32,000 And it's not long before the Cowboys and the Erbs will come face to face in a meeting that will live long in the annals of the American West. 292 00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,000 The gunfight at the OK Corral. 293 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:47,000 On October 26, 1881, a band of Cowboys steps onto the streets of Tombstone armed to the teeth and thirsty for blood. 294 00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:53,000 All that stands between them and control of the town are the three Earp Brothers. 295 00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:58,000 And then all hell broke loose. 296 00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:06,000 30 shots were fired in 30 seconds. 297 00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:11,000 When the dust settles, three Cowboys are dead. 298 00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:17,000 But the fatal feud between Johnny Gringo's Cowboys and the Earp Brothers has only just begun. 299 00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:25,000 Some believe that Johnny Gringo took a blood pack to avenge those Cowboys who had been killed. 300 00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:36,000 On December 28, two months after the shootout, Deputy Virgil Earp is ambushed on the street and barely survives the attack. 301 00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:46,000 Weeks later, Morgan Earp is shot dead, leaving Wyatt to conclude that it's killed or be killed. 302 00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:53,000 So he organizes a posse to hunt down Gringo and the Cowboys one by one. 303 00:38:54,000 --> 00:39:01,000 He was determined to kill the men that killed Morgan and Gringo was the last man on Wyatt's list. 304 00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:06,000 But the final target of Earp's vendetta has vanished. 305 00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:12,000 Was he on the run? Was he hiding from Wyatt Earp? Where did he go? 306 00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:17,000 Will Wyatt Earp be able to find and kill Johnny Gringo? 307 00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:34,000 It's 1882, Tombstone, Arizona. The gunfight at the Ok Corral has sparked a deadly feud between the Earp Brothers and a gang of outlaws led by Johnny Gringo. 308 00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:42,000 With one sibling maimed and the other dead, Deputy Marshal Wyatt Earp is out to settle the score with Gringo. 309 00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:46,000 So, does Wyatt Earp get his man? 310 00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:51,000 July 14th, 1882. 311 00:39:52,000 --> 00:40:01,000 Eight months after the shootout at the Ok Corral, a man working for a lumber company makes a macabre discovery on the outskirts of Tombstone. 312 00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:05,000 A dead body beneath a tree. 313 00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:10,000 He had a hole in his temple and another hole in the top of his head. 314 00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:18,000 The corpse is identified as none other than Johnny Gringo, the villainous leader of the Cowboys. 315 00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:23,000 It's widely presumed that Wyatt Earp has finally got his man. 316 00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:29,000 Now, of course, it is naturally assumed that Wyatt Earp ultimately took his life. 317 00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:36,000 And in later years, Earp even admits to killing Gringo. 318 00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:40,000 But something isn't right about Earp's version of events. 319 00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:49,000 It's known that in the days preceding Gringo's death, Wyatt Earp was several hundred miles away in Colorado. 320 00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:56,000 Many historians doubt that he could have made the ride all the way back to Tombstone in time to kill Gringo. 321 00:40:58,000 --> 00:40:59,000 So what really happened? 322 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:04,000 One theory states that Earp didn't kill Gringo at all. 323 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:08,000 There's also other outlaws and bandits that had a conflict with him. 324 00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:13,000 There's even some speculation that some individuals were seeking favor with the Earp, so they killed them. 325 00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:21,000 So if Wyatt Earp didn't kill his nemesis, why did he take credit for it? 326 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:27,000 In the Old West, reputations were made by the settling of scores. 327 00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:35,000 So some say that the deputy marshal took credit for killing Gringo in order to cement his legacy as a tough acting lawman 328 00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:39,000 and make good on his oath to avenge his brother's death. 329 00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:43,000 But the truth may never be known. 330 00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:50,000 How John Gringo died will always be a mystery, but it sure is fun trying to find those answers. 331 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:59,000 Today, this simple grave, marking the spot where Gringo's body was found, lies just outside of Tombstone, Arizona. 332 00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:08,000 Where these wooden storefronts and dusty roads remind visitors of one of the most infamous gunfights of the American West 333 00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:11,000 and the blood feud it spawned. 334 00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:18,000 From a slimy scourge to a daring dog, 335 00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:22,000 a gun-slinging cowboy to a house of hoarders. 336 00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:28,000 I'm Don Wildman and these are Monumental Mysteries.